Boiling Point as a noun is commonly used in chemistry, physics and engineering. It can also be used to express a point of attainment in social relationship, politics, psychology, economics and infact in every discipline and facet of life. There are so many definitions of boiling point each depending on it’s usage. For us to understand the term very well, I will outline some of these definitions and try to identify the central element.
According to Wikipedia “ The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes to vapour. Dictionary.com says (a) “a point beyond which one becomes angry, outrages or agitates”
(b) the point at which matters reach crisis”
American Heritage Dictionary says (a) It is a point which a given material changes from liquid to gas
(b) the point of crisis; the turning point
Merriam Webster Dictionary see it as (a) the point at which people might do or say something violent or might take some definite or extreme action because of anger, disagreement etc
(b) the point at which a person becomes uncontrollably angry” (c) “the point of crisis”
From the above definitions therefore, one can deduce that the boiling point in any situation is, the point at which circumstance had built pressure on anger or excitement to the point of breaking into violent expression.
From clearer understanding, it might be necessary to outline some words synonymous at Boiling Point, some words related to it, and words that rhyme with it:
Synonyms
Breaking point, Conjuncture, Crisis, Crossroad, Exigency, Flashpoint, Zero hour, etc
Related
Climax, Turning Point, Happening, Deadlock, Impasse, Counter Point etc
Rhyme
Gunpoint, Breaking point, Cardinal point, Brownie point, Counter point etc
According to Wikipedia “ The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes to vapour. Dictionary.com says (a) “a point beyond which one becomes angry, outrages or agitates”
(b) the point at which matters reach crisis”
American Heritage Dictionary says (a) It is a point which a given material changes from liquid to gas
(b) the point of crisis; the turning point
Merriam Webster Dictionary see it as (a) the point at which people might do or say something violent or might take some definite or extreme action because of anger, disagreement etc
(b) the point at which a person becomes uncontrollably angry” (c) “the point of crisis”
From the above definitions therefore, one can deduce that the boiling point in any situation is, the point at which circumstance had built pressure on anger or excitement to the point of breaking into violent expression.
From clearer understanding, it might be necessary to outline some words synonymous at Boiling Point, some words related to it, and words that rhyme with it:
Synonyms
Breaking point, Conjuncture, Crisis, Crossroad, Exigency, Flashpoint, Zero hour, etc
Related
Climax, Turning Point, Happening, Deadlock, Impasse, Counter Point etc
Rhyme
Gunpoint, Breaking point, Cardinal point, Brownie point, Counter point etc
Is Nigeria at Boiling Point?
In order to answer this question very well one has to ask further questions like, what is Nigeria? Who is a Nigerian? What are the problems confronting the Nigerian nation?
In order to answer this question very well one has to ask further questions like, what is Nigeria? Who is a Nigerian? What are the problems confronting the Nigerian nation?
WHAT IS NIGERIA
Nigeria is one of the countries that lie in the tropics within the west coast of Africa. It is an amalgam of over 250 ethnic nationalities cutting across Sahara, Sahel Savannah, Gulf of Guinea, and the Rain Forest Regions. Formed by the hands of Lord Fredrick Lugard and baptized by his girl friend Miss Flora Shaw in January 1914. In the attempt to organize itself, and to build the spirit of nationhood, the country had held nine constitutional conferences, four under the colonial masters and five since independence (under the military)
Nigeria is one of the countries that lie in the tropics within the west coast of Africa. It is an amalgam of over 250 ethnic nationalities cutting across Sahara, Sahel Savannah, Gulf of Guinea, and the Rain Forest Regions. Formed by the hands of Lord Fredrick Lugard and baptized by his girl friend Miss Flora Shaw in January 1914. In the attempt to organize itself, and to build the spirit of nationhood, the country had held nine constitutional conferences, four under the colonial masters and five since independence (under the military)
WHO IS A NIGERIAN?
Ordinarily, any person born in Nigeria, or who obtains citizenship by naturalization or who was born abroad by Nigeria parents of father, who is brought back to the country to reside can be said to be a Nigeiran. But today in this country ask someone where he or she is from the answer will be Haousa, Yoruba, Ibo, Ijaw, Nupe, Igara, Uroboetc some people even write their tribe when required to state nationality in an official matters.
Ordinarily, any person born in Nigeria, or who obtains citizenship by naturalization or who was born abroad by Nigeria parents of father, who is brought back to the country to reside can be said to be a Nigeiran. But today in this country ask someone where he or she is from the answer will be Haousa, Yoruba, Ibo, Ijaw, Nupe, Igara, Uroboetc some people even write their tribe when required to state nationality in an official matters.
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH NIGEIRA?
Ethnic sentiments, greed, mediocrity, poverty, shortcut, deceit, lack of commitment etc. These Issues mentioned above are the fathers and mothers of the evil vices that we see in our society today.
Ethnic sentiments eroded cohesion, spirit de corps and introduces sectionalism which breeds mediocrity and lack of commitment, that bring about poverty, so the people begin to search for shortcut to survival thereby introducing instruments of deceits, roguery and misappropriation, etc which is where we are now. All these have ended up in serving hunger, and hunger woke up militant cooperatives like movement For the Survival of Ogoni people (MOSOP), Movement for the Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND), OduaPeoples Congress (OPC), IjawNationa Congress (INC), Movement for Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafara (MASSOB) and more recently the devastating Boko Haram sect who have demonstrate in very strong terms that they are no longer interested in living, hence they believe that people in authority had made their life not worth living, so they intend to wipe out the people and themselves through suicide bombings. What’s more, other social misbehaviors like kidnapping people for money, armed robbery, hired assassins are pointers that the people are angry with Nigeria.
We must understand that a hungry man is an angry man, and an angry man is an unreasonable man, because he is at the boiling point. With all these problems are we not in crisis? Are we not at cross roads? Are we not at breaking point? Are we not having stalemate, deadlock, impasse or a jam? Should we consider this situation a counter point? Coincidentally, this climax is attained at the same time the Nigeria project is also at maturation point of 100 years of existence.
The questions are: Has the Nigeria project got to its peak? Is it expiring? Can it be repaired and improved upon? What is the most probable method of protecting it from withering away?
What Should BE Done?
Every discipline and profession recognizes that there is a situation point in every human endeavor and tries to proffer solution on how to shift the benchmark as a means of extending the natural mandate and all seem to agree that the only way is to create vent for choking situations. While chemistry uses saturation point, economics says it is a point of diminishing return, psychology and medicine talks of the point of vulnerability, sociology says point of disintegration, etc
Prof. Chinua Achebe, the greatest writer of our time in his book there was a country, says “most members of my generation, who were born before Nigeria independence, remember a time when things were different. Nigeria was once a land of great hope and progress, a nation with immense resources at its disposal-natural resources, yes, but even more so human resources” In his humble opinion, there was a country Nigeria but before his departure to the great beyond, he could no longer see the country. We will not continue to waste our time asking, what is the cause as the previous attempts ended up in blame trading. It is my candid opinion that whatever is the cause is as a result of natural selection, through the social, economic and political activities of government and the people of the country helped in very great measure to fast track the situation.
Nigeria’s problem is multifaceted and multidimensional and as such will need an integrated approach with multidisciplianary actions; it requires a careful manipulated approach with multidisciplinary actions: it reuires a careful manipulation of the political and the economic institutions with the operatuoinal tools of the social syste to create a verfitable vent for the overheated Nigeirprject.
At this point it is important to briefly survey the causes and symptoms of the problems of the Nigeria project. Ethnic suspicions grew into sentiments that are responsible for weak policies, which encouraged mediocrity in place of meritocracy that led to lack of commitment. These things paved way for corruption to eat up the “common good” so hunger caught up with the people and in order to escape from hunger people devised vices that is intended to help the people catch up with the trend of things. These vices caused insecurity and fear thereby creating tension in the marrow of the society.
Ethnic sentiments, greed, mediocrity, poverty, shortcut, deceit, lack of commitment etc. These Issues mentioned above are the fathers and mothers of the evil vices that we see in our society today.
Ethnic sentiments eroded cohesion, spirit de corps and introduces sectionalism which breeds mediocrity and lack of commitment, that bring about poverty, so the people begin to search for shortcut to survival thereby introducing instruments of deceits, roguery and misappropriation, etc which is where we are now. All these have ended up in serving hunger, and hunger woke up militant cooperatives like movement For the Survival of Ogoni people (MOSOP), Movement for the Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND), OduaPeoples Congress (OPC), IjawNationa Congress (INC), Movement for Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafara (MASSOB) and more recently the devastating Boko Haram sect who have demonstrate in very strong terms that they are no longer interested in living, hence they believe that people in authority had made their life not worth living, so they intend to wipe out the people and themselves through suicide bombings. What’s more, other social misbehaviors like kidnapping people for money, armed robbery, hired assassins are pointers that the people are angry with Nigeria.
We must understand that a hungry man is an angry man, and an angry man is an unreasonable man, because he is at the boiling point. With all these problems are we not in crisis? Are we not at cross roads? Are we not at breaking point? Are we not having stalemate, deadlock, impasse or a jam? Should we consider this situation a counter point? Coincidentally, this climax is attained at the same time the Nigeria project is also at maturation point of 100 years of existence.
The questions are: Has the Nigeria project got to its peak? Is it expiring? Can it be repaired and improved upon? What is the most probable method of protecting it from withering away?
What Should BE Done?
Every discipline and profession recognizes that there is a situation point in every human endeavor and tries to proffer solution on how to shift the benchmark as a means of extending the natural mandate and all seem to agree that the only way is to create vent for choking situations. While chemistry uses saturation point, economics says it is a point of diminishing return, psychology and medicine talks of the point of vulnerability, sociology says point of disintegration, etc
Prof. Chinua Achebe, the greatest writer of our time in his book there was a country, says “most members of my generation, who were born before Nigeria independence, remember a time when things were different. Nigeria was once a land of great hope and progress, a nation with immense resources at its disposal-natural resources, yes, but even more so human resources” In his humble opinion, there was a country Nigeria but before his departure to the great beyond, he could no longer see the country. We will not continue to waste our time asking, what is the cause as the previous attempts ended up in blame trading. It is my candid opinion that whatever is the cause is as a result of natural selection, through the social, economic and political activities of government and the people of the country helped in very great measure to fast track the situation.
Nigeria’s problem is multifaceted and multidimensional and as such will need an integrated approach with multidisciplianary actions; it requires a careful manipulated approach with multidisciplinary actions: it reuires a careful manipulation of the political and the economic institutions with the operatuoinal tools of the social syste to create a verfitable vent for the overheated Nigeirprject.
At this point it is important to briefly survey the causes and symptoms of the problems of the Nigeria project. Ethnic suspicions grew into sentiments that are responsible for weak policies, which encouraged mediocrity in place of meritocracy that led to lack of commitment. These things paved way for corruption to eat up the “common good” so hunger caught up with the people and in order to escape from hunger people devised vices that is intended to help the people catch up with the trend of things. These vices caused insecurity and fear thereby creating tension in the marrow of the society.
SOLUTION
To solve the problem, we have to look back to our origin and see where we missed it. History abounds that from the beginning man could not function effectively alone. In prehistoric and early historic days, man had always organized himself in groups for efficacy. In Nigeria today, the sharp divide between individuals and their traditional groupings and between one traditional grouping and another have eroded efficiency and satisfaction in every aspect of our lives. The only way to contain the bottled up aggressions in this country is therefore to create vents by reinventing collectivity. We must develop and sustain the ideals of Cooperative Democracy by promoting cooperative economics, cooperative communal living, and cooperative scientific and social research. To achieve this, individuals must be encouraged to participate and function within cooperative groups and the cooperative groups encouraged to function, in relationship with each other. To buttress this, we should appreciate the nature and character of the democracy of the United States of America and the cooperate character of the European Union, how it helped them to facto and implement the bailout that made them survive the economic meltdown. Therefore the remaking, rebranding and resuscitation of the Nigerian project must be based on cooperative democracy,
These repressive and militant organizations must be replaced with cooperative groups that have the character of economics, political, social interaction and social infrastructure to develop and reshape a new Nigeria to avoid the impending explosion.
To solve the problem, we have to look back to our origin and see where we missed it. History abounds that from the beginning man could not function effectively alone. In prehistoric and early historic days, man had always organized himself in groups for efficacy. In Nigeria today, the sharp divide between individuals and their traditional groupings and between one traditional grouping and another have eroded efficiency and satisfaction in every aspect of our lives. The only way to contain the bottled up aggressions in this country is therefore to create vents by reinventing collectivity. We must develop and sustain the ideals of Cooperative Democracy by promoting cooperative economics, cooperative communal living, and cooperative scientific and social research. To achieve this, individuals must be encouraged to participate and function within cooperative groups and the cooperative groups encouraged to function, in relationship with each other. To buttress this, we should appreciate the nature and character of the democracy of the United States of America and the cooperate character of the European Union, how it helped them to facto and implement the bailout that made them survive the economic meltdown. Therefore the remaking, rebranding and resuscitation of the Nigerian project must be based on cooperative democracy,
These repressive and militant organizations must be replaced with cooperative groups that have the character of economics, political, social interaction and social infrastructure to develop and reshape a new Nigeria to avoid the impending explosion.
COOPERATIVE DEMOCRACY : THE PARADIGM
Humans started living in bands to protect themselves from attacks, these attacks and incessant quarrels are for no other reasons except to acquire wealth. In nomadic societies the wealth in quote are foods to eat which when gotten are distributed to individuals members of a particular band or grouping. However, the discovery of other kinds of wealth that are nor food, for instance gold, silver, diamond etc brought about money economy and the possibility of wealth storage. The individual began to store wealth for use in future, some work extra hard, some cheat others, some steal some become more economical and some in position of Governance corruptly enrich themselves from the common purse. These brought about internal wrangling in every organized society such, struggle for who will rule or be in-charge emerged and continued to wax stronger. People then began to dialogue how they will be governed. This is the hallmark of democracy. Compact is made between the people and their Governors, but problem arose in modern governance as the people who got the mandate, the moment they are put in the saddle abandons the compact to amassing wealth in order to build a formidable base to institutionalize their mandate, these are the major causes of the crises in our society today.
I can hear clearly the voice of professor Claude Ake saying ” I have surveyed the modern societies and have discovered that the only cause of crisis and problems is how wealth is generated and how it is distributed English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist and classical liberal political theorist in his famous theory of Organismic Analogy, he posits that the difference between the individual and the society in functioning is that while the individual functions to maintain the component parts, in the case of the society, the parts (individual) function to maintain the whole (society). He insisted that the state was not an “essential” institution and that it would “decay” as voluntary market organization would replace the coercive aspects of the state. Today this Prophecy is tru. It therefore follows that as the institution of state in Nigeria is decaying, due to greed, corruption, and lack of society feeling, people must voluntarily organize themselves in cooperatives to drive the essential values of democracy for common good. Thus the need for cooperative democracy.
Hebert Spencer in his work already quoted above also posits that in cause of function the society, it moves from a degree of coherent homogeneity to a very high degree of incoherent heterogeneity, (simple to complex) So to replace the coercive Nigerian state machination it is worthwhile to develop a model with a simple society before advancing into the whole Nigerian Society.
Humans started living in bands to protect themselves from attacks, these attacks and incessant quarrels are for no other reasons except to acquire wealth. In nomadic societies the wealth in quote are foods to eat which when gotten are distributed to individuals members of a particular band or grouping. However, the discovery of other kinds of wealth that are nor food, for instance gold, silver, diamond etc brought about money economy and the possibility of wealth storage. The individual began to store wealth for use in future, some work extra hard, some cheat others, some steal some become more economical and some in position of Governance corruptly enrich themselves from the common purse. These brought about internal wrangling in every organized society such, struggle for who will rule or be in-charge emerged and continued to wax stronger. People then began to dialogue how they will be governed. This is the hallmark of democracy. Compact is made between the people and their Governors, but problem arose in modern governance as the people who got the mandate, the moment they are put in the saddle abandons the compact to amassing wealth in order to build a formidable base to institutionalize their mandate, these are the major causes of the crises in our society today.
I can hear clearly the voice of professor Claude Ake saying ” I have surveyed the modern societies and have discovered that the only cause of crisis and problems is how wealth is generated and how it is distributed English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist and classical liberal political theorist in his famous theory of Organismic Analogy, he posits that the difference between the individual and the society in functioning is that while the individual functions to maintain the component parts, in the case of the society, the parts (individual) function to maintain the whole (society). He insisted that the state was not an “essential” institution and that it would “decay” as voluntary market organization would replace the coercive aspects of the state. Today this Prophecy is tru. It therefore follows that as the institution of state in Nigeria is decaying, due to greed, corruption, and lack of society feeling, people must voluntarily organize themselves in cooperatives to drive the essential values of democracy for common good. Thus the need for cooperative democracy.
Hebert Spencer in his work already quoted above also posits that in cause of function the society, it moves from a degree of coherent homogeneity to a very high degree of incoherent heterogeneity, (simple to complex) So to replace the coercive Nigerian state machination it is worthwhile to develop a model with a simple society before advancing into the whole Nigerian Society.
COOPERATIVE DEMOCRACY AS A TOOL FOR ADVANCING THE POLITICAL ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA
Introduction: Prior to civilization, people lived in bands from which the modern society emanated. Evidence abounds that at each generation of human living people organizes themselves to co-exist.
These bands grew to organized societies and even to the modern nation states. The philosophers of the enlightenment age tried to very much to crystallize the state for easy understanding, for instance Plato said it as a “ Sovereign Political body as well as natural individual but superior to and more valuable than the individual who are its citizens”
Aristotle said that the state is “a moral institution, existing so that man may live goof life” Implicit in these definitions of state is the concept of Government which can be defined as a body of persons authorized or mandated to govern or rule a state.
WHO MANADATE THIS BODY AND HOW?
The citizens of a given Nation Mandates, though votes, which is democracy. However money economy and capitalism breed individualism, the mandated people that govern the state for supposed common good began to acquire wealth for themselves rather than managing it for the benefit of the entire people which made people to struggle by whatever means to get into the body of Government thereby massaging the muscles of corruption. Thus, the need for cooperative democracy.
WHAT IS COOPERATIVE DEMOCRACY?
The term Cooperative Democracy may be alien to scholars and practitioners of politics, Sociology and Economic but its components i.e (Cooperatives and Democracy) are among the most popular dominants of the studies of these disciplines in the last ten decades. The continuous separation of these two each other both in study and practice explains the continued, fragmentation and disorder in our society today.
To understand the term Cooperative Democracy one has to define the components and then bring them together. According to Wikipedia free encyclopedia “Cooperative is an association of persons who voluntarily cooperate for their mutual, social, economic and cultural benefit”
According to Dictionary.com “It is an enterprise owned and operated by its members”
Democracy is a system of government in which the people hold supreme power usually, through their elected representatives” or : a state of social equality” (dictionary.com)
Abraham Lincon defined Democracy as “Government of people, by the people for the people” Flowing from the above definitions, cooperative Democracy can be said to be a system of government in which the people voluntarily cooperate in management of their economy, polity and social interaction for common good. In short cooperative democracy is the true democracy. This is the kind of democracy envisioned by Abraham Lincoln when he was defining democrat as he went further to say “ that No man is good enough to govern another man without the others consent”
One of the basic assumptions of democracy is that all mature men have their share of wisdom and freedom and that no individual or group us to so wise intelligent or incorruptible as to be beyond the need of advice. The best kind of democracy therefore if to enable as many people as possible to participate in making decision and also to participate in actual business of government. Cooperative Democracy therefore guarantee a new deal in which all volunteers participate directly in all activities of his group in power seeking and management, acquisition and allocation of economic values, resources social interaction and cultural liberation. The new deal which is a compact with the people will bring about equity, justice and enhanced democratic values.
• It is a deal that will integrate the interest and aspirations of the people
• It will guarantee the involvement of the people in the formulation of policies and execution of Governance
• It will reduce hunger level of people by enhancing their economic potentialities
• It will guarantee human rights, respects and dignity for all
• A deal that will create genuine employment opportunities
• IT is a deal that will bring humility into Governance by recognizing and respecting the views of others
• A deal that guarantees meritocracy and real democratic values and ideals
• A deal that guarantees sincerity, truth and honest intentions
• It will bring about freedom, security and transformation
• A deal that guarantees, re-orientation, restoration of values and maintenance of basic infrastructural amenities,
• A deal that will re-establish our contact with our foundation as a people
• This is the deal of Cooperative Democracy.
CHALLENGES
Poverty Level, Educational Attainment, Suspicion, Greed, Quick Rich Syndrome etc
GAINS
Participatory democracy, Efficient Economic Development, Social Equality and interactions, Leadership Training etc.
Introduction: Prior to civilization, people lived in bands from which the modern society emanated. Evidence abounds that at each generation of human living people organizes themselves to co-exist.
These bands grew to organized societies and even to the modern nation states. The philosophers of the enlightenment age tried to very much to crystallize the state for easy understanding, for instance Plato said it as a “ Sovereign Political body as well as natural individual but superior to and more valuable than the individual who are its citizens”
Aristotle said that the state is “a moral institution, existing so that man may live goof life” Implicit in these definitions of state is the concept of Government which can be defined as a body of persons authorized or mandated to govern or rule a state.
WHO MANADATE THIS BODY AND HOW?
The citizens of a given Nation Mandates, though votes, which is democracy. However money economy and capitalism breed individualism, the mandated people that govern the state for supposed common good began to acquire wealth for themselves rather than managing it for the benefit of the entire people which made people to struggle by whatever means to get into the body of Government thereby massaging the muscles of corruption. Thus, the need for cooperative democracy.
WHAT IS COOPERATIVE DEMOCRACY?
The term Cooperative Democracy may be alien to scholars and practitioners of politics, Sociology and Economic but its components i.e (Cooperatives and Democracy) are among the most popular dominants of the studies of these disciplines in the last ten decades. The continuous separation of these two each other both in study and practice explains the continued, fragmentation and disorder in our society today.
To understand the term Cooperative Democracy one has to define the components and then bring them together. According to Wikipedia free encyclopedia “Cooperative is an association of persons who voluntarily cooperate for their mutual, social, economic and cultural benefit”
According to Dictionary.com “It is an enterprise owned and operated by its members”
Democracy is a system of government in which the people hold supreme power usually, through their elected representatives” or : a state of social equality” (dictionary.com)
Abraham Lincon defined Democracy as “Government of people, by the people for the people” Flowing from the above definitions, cooperative Democracy can be said to be a system of government in which the people voluntarily cooperate in management of their economy, polity and social interaction for common good. In short cooperative democracy is the true democracy. This is the kind of democracy envisioned by Abraham Lincoln when he was defining democrat as he went further to say “ that No man is good enough to govern another man without the others consent”
One of the basic assumptions of democracy is that all mature men have their share of wisdom and freedom and that no individual or group us to so wise intelligent or incorruptible as to be beyond the need of advice. The best kind of democracy therefore if to enable as many people as possible to participate in making decision and also to participate in actual business of government. Cooperative Democracy therefore guarantee a new deal in which all volunteers participate directly in all activities of his group in power seeking and management, acquisition and allocation of economic values, resources social interaction and cultural liberation. The new deal which is a compact with the people will bring about equity, justice and enhanced democratic values.
• It is a deal that will integrate the interest and aspirations of the people
• It will guarantee the involvement of the people in the formulation of policies and execution of Governance
• It will reduce hunger level of people by enhancing their economic potentialities
• It will guarantee human rights, respects and dignity for all
• A deal that will create genuine employment opportunities
• IT is a deal that will bring humility into Governance by recognizing and respecting the views of others
• A deal that guarantees meritocracy and real democratic values and ideals
• A deal that guarantees sincerity, truth and honest intentions
• It will bring about freedom, security and transformation
• A deal that guarantees, re-orientation, restoration of values and maintenance of basic infrastructural amenities,
• A deal that will re-establish our contact with our foundation as a people
• This is the deal of Cooperative Democracy.
CHALLENGES
Poverty Level, Educational Attainment, Suspicion, Greed, Quick Rich Syndrome etc
GAINS
Participatory democracy, Efficient Economic Development, Social Equality and interactions, Leadership Training etc.
